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Now a tungsten filament is not a perfect black body: the emissivity is a function of wavelength and has been characterized (see ). I am going to answer this on the assumption you are talking about an incandescent lamp.Ī tungsten filament is heated by the current flowing through it, and starts to behave like a black body radiator. Hence blue LEDs are doped differently than red LEDs, etc. LEDs are made by " doping" semiconductors with certain elements, so that the electron excitations (and falls back to ground state) release specific frequencies of light as well. For example, sodium discharge lamps have a very characteristic orange/yellow glow, because sodium dominantly emits photons at the frequency of yellow light. In lights like discharge lamps, etc, however, the materials used matter much more, because the excitations (and subsequent falls back to ground state) of the electrons release discrete energies/frequencies of light, which is very characteristic of the material. Different material filaments emit different frequencies of light, but for an incandescent light, this is mostly because the filament is heated to a different color temperature. A typical incandescent light has a color temperature of 3,000K. By changing the temperature of the black body, the frequencies of light (which we perceive as color, sort of) vary as a result. As you can guess by the name, color temperatures describe the relationship between the temperature of the black body, and the frequencies of light emitted from the object. Black body radiators have what's called a color temperature. Compared to other black bodies, the typical lightbulb is not a particularly good or efficient one, but we can still describe it using black-body radiation. The light (and heat) emitted from the lightbulb is the result of black body radiation.
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Each of these different types work somewhat differently, and as a result, the colors produced depend on slightly different things.įor your typical white incandescent lightbulb, the lightbulb acts as a black body. There are many other types of light bulbs, such as compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) or light-emiting diodes (LED). Observe and record the results.For starters, even though you don't say it explicitly, I'm going to assume you're talking about incandescent light bulbs (since you mention filaments in your question).
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